11.06.2006
The World Association of Newspapers hosted its 59th World Congress and 13th World Editors Forum in Moscow this year. The decision to do so was controversial, for obvious reasons. Many feared that it would justify a situation in Russia which many see as "backsliding on democracy," especially in the case of freedom of the press. The president of the association, Gavin K. O'Reilly took time to address those concerns in his opening remarks, which were delivered in the presence of President Vladimir Putin. Those remarks, together with Putin's responding speech, are given in their entirety below.
For more information on the meeting, see its official website: http://www.moscow2006.com/eng/rbth/main
Opening Remarks by WAN President Gavin K. O'Reilly
June 05, 2006, Moscow
Mr President, Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Let me wish you all a very warm welcome on behalf of the World Association of Newspapers to this - the Opening Ceremony of our 59th World Newspaper Congress and 13th World Editors Forum.
For those of you who where at the marvellous concert offered last night, you’ll be relieved to hear that the translation of my speech this morning will be simultaneous... and I shall attempt no delayed Irish jokes... in fact, no Irish jokes at all.
As I mentioned last night, this is a record attendance - finally beating Rio de Janeiro back in 2000 - in this magnificent hall there are some 1,700 participants from over 110 countries - making this truly the annual summit meeting of the world’s press.
To my mind, there are 2 important reasons behind this outstanding result: 1. firstly, this conference has seized on the most crucial and vital issues facing our industry today; and 2. secondly, all of us share a fascination for this great Russian nation and a desire to discover more about its life, its politics, its culture and its history.
Over the next several days, we will be looking at how some of the best companies in our industry worldwide are grappling with the twin challenge of growing our newspaper operations whilst fully exploiting the many opportunities provided by the new digital media platforms - and vitally, of course, examining how to create synergies between the two.
Outside the conference halls, at special breakfasts and lunches and, doubtless late into the night with the odd glass of vodka in hand, at marvellous receptions offered by our generous hosts at the Russian Guild of Press Publishers and their partners, we will also examine ’Russia Beyond the Headlines’, endeavouring as best we can to grasp the complexities and contradictions of this great and proud superpower at the beginning of the 21st century.
For this week - as I mentioned last night - it is essential that we all listen and learn from one another as this complex media matrix unfolds... as nobody, but nobody has the monopoly on wisdom. And as we confront and exploit the emerging online media, equally, we should never, ever forget the inherent attraction, durability and vitality of what has made us so successful - our printed newspapers...
Indeed, it is worth remembering that newspapers are now read by over 1 billion consumers each and every day, and if we then include, our online efforts, that audience grows by the hundreds of millions.
As such and with that backdrop, I know that this 59th World Congress and Editors Forum will readily reaffirm the newspaper’s pre-eminence as the leading provider of relevant quality news and information - and equally, confirm that we can continue to do so in a profitable, purposeful and balanced way.
And to be able to do so, right here in, inside the walls of the Kremlin - the very heart and soul of this great Russian Federation - is a rare treat.
And let me add, that we are particularly honoured to be here in the company of its President, Mr. Vladimir Putin. Mr President, it almost seems superfluous to say it, but thank you for taking time out of your incredibly busy schedule and welcoming the world’s press to Moscow.
Mr. President, as a global organization which exists in the first instance to promote press freedom world-wide, you will understand that we can never shy away from commentating on such matters even at the risk of offending our host... And so, I trust that you will take my following remarks constructively, as indeed they are intended... As they say, you don’t have a second chance to make a first impression... and this morning, W-A-N has much to say to you, and importantly, we want to be able to say it candidly - but not in a lecturing or badgering way - but rather in a way that might positively engage you.
So here goes...
Mr President - as privileged as we are to be inside the walls of the Kremlin as your guest - many of our members questioned the choice of Russia as the location for our 2006 world press summit.
As I am sure you are doubtless aware, your country and administration have been severely criticised for an alleged reluctance to forego control and influence over the media.
In saying that, I want to stress from the outset that such bold pronouncements and arguably undiplomatic criticisms are not grounded by any desire by foreign opinion to harm the credibility of Russia - this great superpower - or to test your country’s growing influence on the global scene; Equally, they are not the result of any hostility, real or imagined... in fact, quite the contrary.
For our part, the opinions of the World Association of Newspapers on this question have rather been informed by hundreds of encounters, stretching back over more than a decade, with Russian publishers, editors and journalists.
It is they, first of all, who have not been convinced that the Russian state is taking seriously enough, the mission of creating an environment in which a strong, free and independent press can grow and prosper.
Before pursuing that comment any further, I must first acknowledge that there are problems within the Russian newspaper industry itself, and as such, the publishing and journalistic communities here are far from being exempt from any criticism.
Today in Russia - it is regrettable to report - there is still a widespread, corrupt culture of ’selling’ news space and influence to politicians and businessmen in too many parts of the industry. This unethical practice of ’paid-for-journalism’ is unacceptable and we condemn it everywhere.
Happily, there are publishers and journalists here who are resisting this practice and to those independently-minded journalists, we applaud them.
At the same time, it must also be recognized that many Russian newspaper companies still suffer a dearth of professionalism, skills and best practice knowledge, both in management and journalistically.
This is not a verdict made by me or by W-A-N, rather it is something that is widely admitted by Russian publishers and journalists themselves, and indeed it was one of the motivations for inviting the World Association of Newspapers to hold these events in Moscow, as part of an ongoing process to further raise journalistic standards and enhance the commercial viability of your nation’s newspapers.
In that, we readily recognise and commend efforts being made by your Government to help create a much better and transparent business environment for the press, by reducing taxes, improving distribution and creating a more level playing field for newspapers against other media in advertising markets.
However... we do strongly believe that such industry measures must be accompanied by a dramatic improvement in the political environment in which the press must operate.
Mr President, you and your government are on record as having clearly expressed your attachment to freedom of the press and have repeatedly articulated its importance to your fledgling democracy.
However, there is still very widespread scepticism, both inside and outside your country, about whether there exists any real will to see the media become a financially-strong, influential and independent participant in Russian society today. And sadly, no one can pretend that this is case today, certainly not for newspapers.
In our many discussions with Russian publishers, we have come to learn that the public’s trust and confidence in the press in Russia is at an appallingly low point. Not surprisingly, newspapers sales and readership are suffering as a result.
Surely this deep public cynicism of the press cannot be changed, by merely just improving the legal and business environment in which newspapers operate. Surely, there must be real, demonstrable political intent - and at the highest levels of government - to accompany this process.
It was once said by the great playwright, Arthur Millar, that a “great newspaper is a country speaking to itself”, and so it is in this vein, that I respectfully pose some questions...
• How does the Russian media - echoed by right-minded journalists all around the world - question, comment on and yes, at times, legitimately criticize the State? • Or in a throw back to a different era - why is it that the State is still accused of promoting an atmosphere of caution and self-censorship among journalists, fearful for their livelihoods if they step very visibly out of line? • Or with the absence of independent national television - all of which is now under direct or indirect government control - how can it be argued that objective commentary and analysis is not sorely jeopardised? • And at a time when the State is criticised - we believe with good reason - about the acquisition of important newspaper titles by financial and industrial groups that are either directly controlled by Government or loyal to it, how does one counter the suggestion that Oligarchic control has simply been replaced by State control?
• Or that at the same time as this State domination of key national media outlets, is it acceptable that there is a similar process of news control at regional and local levels, led by mayors, governors and strong business groups?
Mr. President, if your ambitions for a free press are to stand objective scrutiny in your own country (let alone what the rest of the world might think), we would respectfully urge you that now is the time to sever such ownership links, not to increase them, whatever the original motives... as these realities do no service to Russia.
We fully recognize, Mr. President, that Russia does not have a long tradition of freedom of expression and that - with the exception of some very brief interludes - censorship and state control over opinion have been an unfortunate reality in your country’s past.
Yet, it should not be forgotten that even the Great Russian writers like Pushkin fell victim to censorship and that incredibly, half of his works could not be published in his lifetime. Nor should we forget that in the last century, censorship in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics constituted the longest-lasting and most ruthless period of repression of freedom of information and opinion in the world. Nevertheless, giant literary personalities like Alexandr Sol-zen-itsyn or, before him, Boris Pasternak, and so many others, braved censorship; braved the banning of their works; and, in the case of Sol-zen-itsyn, braved the gulag.
To my mind, the Russian people can - and should - be rightly inspired by, and proud of, these pioneer dissidents.
Mr President, of what importance and urgency, you may ask, is the establishment of a strong, free, critical and truly independent press, in the general scheme of things? Russia has more than its fair share of other issues to contend with - both national and international - and we know that you are vigorously and positively tackling so many of them. So, why such a fuss about the press?
Why does international opinion - again and again - place this question at the heart of its genuine and amicable concerns about Russia, when there are so many crucial domestic and geopolitical issues on the table?
I think the answer is quite simple: all available evidence demonstrates that a strong, free and independent press is a fundamental precondition for sustainable economic, social and political prosperity. Whilst once only the mantra of groups like W-A-N, this argument has now been accepted, embraced and adopted by governments and inter-governmental organisations world-wide. The World Bank President put it succinctly in a recent speech, when he said: "You really can’t talk about economic development without talking about freedom of the press".
Mr President, I said earlier that WAN had been criticised for its decision to hold these events in Russia, precisely because of deeply-held concerns about the press freedom situation here and the apparent slow progress towards the establishment of strong, independent media that can fulfil their proper role in democratic life and debate.
One of our counter arguments was that we might finally have an opportunity, in coming here to Moscow, to appeal to you personally to take vital new measures, to personally create the right tone, if you like, to help your great country develop the strong press that it merits.
History will surely judge your legacy as President, whether in Russia or in the rest of the world, as much by the fate of the media - perhaps even more - than by any other measure.
And as I said before - but it is worth repeating again - we are not here to lecture from some pulpit - we are merely here to encourage critical debate and to support progress towards a truly independent press in Russia - one that befits this great country.
And this is a task that W-A-N pursues in every country on the planet. And as such, at these events every year, it is my sombre duty, as W-A-N President, to remind the global press community of the painful struggle which our colleagues are engaged in on a daily basis to protect press freedom, often at huge personal cost. I have focussed especially on some of the problems of the Russian press, because we are here, and that is our tradition and my duty.
So - with your indulgence - I would like to show you - in this short video clip - the depth and breadth of this struggle around the world over the past year. You will see that the Russian press is not alone in facing serious challenges.
....
As you can see, this past year has been a particularly murderous one for our profession, and I am sure everyone will join me in paying solemn tribute to all those media workers who have lost their lives to bring news and information to our public; to those who have been jailed and are still in prison; and to those who persist in trying to do their jobs under constant persecution and harassment. As appalling as this vista is - our job at W-A-N goes on... here in Russia and across the world.
So in closing, Mr. President, on behalf of the World Association of Newspapers, let me state for the record that: • We are happy that we have been so warmly and graciously welcomed to your great country; • We are happy that we have been able to convey our strong opinions on these fundamental issues - in such a public form, as this; and • We are encouraged by your small progressive steps, but strongly urge you that they can be built upon, greatly.
Before I leave this podium, I would like to express a few thanks:
First of all to the Russian Guild of Press Publishers, the GIPP - its President, Leonid Makaron, the W-A-N Vice President for Russia, Eugene Abov, and Julia Kazakova, the Executive Director of the association and all her staff. GIPP’s emergence as a strong and resourceful representative organization for the Russian press industry has been an absolutely key factor in the presence of this Congress and Forum in Russia.
We believe that bodies like GIPP are absolutely fundamental to the positive development of the newspaper industry in Russia - both at a national and regional level... and Mr. President, you can - and should - be most encouraged and heartened by the good work that GIPP is doing on behalf of your nation’s press.
In the same vein, I would also like to express our sincere thanks to the Federal Agency for Media and Mass Communications for its tremendous support to GIPP, and personally to the agency’s head, Michail Ses-lavin-sky, who generously invested his time and considerable energy in helping make this event happen.
And, finally, to you - President Putin - for giving us the great honour of your presence this morning and for listening patiently to our position on these most fundamental of issues.
Because I am in Russia, I’ll finish with a quote from Marx, and of course, I am talking about Groucho Marx and not Karl, who once explained that “the secret of success is honesty and integrity - and if you can fake that you’ve really got it made.”
Happily, Mr. President - unlike Marx - you are man who has seized upon success in more sincere and genuine ways. You are a man who always leads from the front and you are a man who has done more than anyone to rebuild and reshape this great country.
And you have it your gift to change the destiny of media in Russia for the better in helping create the conditions to make it more pluralistic, more true and more vital, and this - I implore to you.
On the many points of detail, we may surely differ in emphasis and tone - but the underlying proposition that I have tried to engage you on - is something that I sense that we can ultimately agree upon - and that is simply, that without a free and independent press in Russia, there is simply no way of truly achieving a lasting and broad-based democracy to which your country aspires and, I believe, importantly deserves.
Thank You
Opening remarks by President Vladimir Putin
June 05, 2006, Moscow
Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear friends,
It gives me sincere pleasure to welcome you all here to Russia, to welcome the top people in the newspaper world and representatives of the World Association of Newspapers from more than 100 countries.
We see your presence here as a sign of your real and sincere interest in our country. I was very pleased to hear that, despite attempts from some quarters to dissuade you and frighten you away, the press has shown its sense of responsibility and you have come here to Moscow. This makes us very happy and I thank you for it.
Present here today are people who have a great influence on the global information agenda. You have an important range of issues to discuss. These include not only the purely professional matters facing the newspaper business, but also global trends that have an impact on the mass media’s development in the world today.
Everyone can see that the preferences of today’s readers have undergone radical change. Today you find yourselves having to compete not only with television but also with other electronic media that are developing so fast they are setting a new pace and are shaping a new way of life for millions of people around the planet.
Over the course of its long history the newspaper business has already overcome difficult stages in its development. But at all times the press has always kept its readers loyal and interested thanks to its capacity for new ideas and innovative approaches, strategies and business models. At the same time, it has always preserved the traditions unique to the print media.
Today, newspapers and magazines continue to explain to their readers what is taking place in the world. They offer a tribune for far-reaching comments and for the expression of a diverse range of opinions. Most importantly, they bring news about people’s daily lives, successes, concerns and hopes right to their readers’ homes.
It is perhaps for this reason that millions of your readers like to open their favourite publications every morning. The habit of reading the morning paper remains a ritual that cannot be parted with. It is a ritual for people from all social backgrounds, generations and walks of life.
* * *
Dear colleagues,
Three years ago we celebrated the 300th anniversary of the publication of Russia’s first newspaper, Vedomosti. Over the three centuries since that time, our press has lived through moments of glory, development and also some very difficult times.
You know what a significant historical turning point Russia found itself at in the beginning of the 1990s. The country’s political regime and economic system underwent radical change. I think that not everyone has yet realised the full scale of these changes.
Here we are today in this hall that used to be called the Palace of Congresses of the Communist Party. We are here discussing freedom of the press, in quite a critical manner, too, and we, the hosts, are listening to what our guests have to say. Just recently, ten, twenty, fifteen years ago, this would have been unthinkable. True, this hall still sees its share of Bolsheviks, but t now ihey are here n a different capacity.
People’s views of the world and their life and career priorities have also changed. These immense transformations would not have been possible without a free press. Here in this audience I would like to underscore how the press has played not just an important but an irreplaceable role in forming the new Russia.
Our people made a conscious choice in favour of democracy. Freedom of the media remains one of the most important guarantees of this choice. This is our valued achievement and it has been fixed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. As for our Law on Mass Media, adopted back in 1991, it is recognised as one of the most liberal in the world.
It is clear that civilised development of the mass media depends not only on the state, which sets the legislative rules. Also of great importance is the ability of journalists, editors and publishers to organise themselves. The economic organisations that finance the activities of newspapers and magazines and the commercial success of publications themselves can also have a huge impact on editorial policy.
The 1990s was a period that saw capital from all sources arrive on the emerging Russian media market. Sometimes this capital came from sources that hardly qualify as transparent. And the owners of this capital often had their own interests to pursue, interests far removed from the public’s demands. This issue was just spoken about before. I would like to confirm the words that we just heard and say that freedom of the press at that time in Russia was indeed under threat, not from the former state ideology that once held a monopoly on expression, but from the dictates of oligarchic capital.
This was a critically difficult period for journalists and for the chief editors. It was a difficult period for all of Russian society and for Russian democracy.
The Russian press has now gathered solid experience of working in a competitive market environment. Of course, learning how to competently combine media ideals and a flourishing commercial enterprise is no easy task.
Many countries face similar problems. The search for a balance of interests between journalists, business, the state and society is going on everywhere. After all, an economically independent and socially responsible press is a condition and guarantee for the fair and progressive development of society.
Mention was also made here of low levels of trust in the media in some countries, including in Russia.
* * *
Dear colleagues, state decisions alone are not enough to raise public trust in the press. The press itself must become responsible.
From year to year increasingly favourable conditions are emerging in Russia for media development. One of these conditions is economic growth and an increase in people’s living standards.
In terms of gross domestic product growth, Russia has been among the world leaders for several years now. We now have the opportunity to carry out large-scale national projects and resolve urgent problems in education, healthcare, agriculture, housing construction and a number of other areas.
The media market in Russia is also demonstrating its immense potential. It is one of the recognised world leaders in terms of growth today. Investment in the periodicals market exceeds $1 billion a year. This is a solid figure for Russia.
Of course, when competition is tough media companies change their strategies. More and more media companies are developing as multi-profile holdings. Mr O’Reilly [President of the World Association of Newspapers] spoke about the increasing state presence in the media. I have different information on this point. The state’s share in the Russian press market is decreasing all the time. This is easy to verify. The number of publications, meanwhile, is constantly on the increase.
Of course, as in practically any other country in the world, here too there is a constant battle going on between the state and its interests, as understood by civil servants, the public and the press. This is the case in almost all countries, indeed, I would say in all countries, including in Russia. But I think you will agree with me that in a country that today counts 53,000 periodical publications, we could not control them all even if we wanted to. Even if the state had such a desire it would be impossible. There are more than 3,000 TV and radio companies in Russia. Of course, we do have our problems nonetheless.
What is really impressive is the diversity and quantity of the regional press, which the experts say readers tend to prefer. To give just one example, that of Russia’s Nizhny Novgorod Region, 147 new newspapers and magazines were registered there last year alone. And this is not an exception. Newspapers and magazines all around the country are undergoing rapid growth.
The community of journalists, editors and publishers is becoming better organised and more influential with every passing year. It has a leading role to play in creating a professional and socially responsible press.
And of course, as always, our country continues to value highly talent, honesty and courage on the part of journalists.
I just watched this little film now and thought about all of your colleagues who have not spared anything, not their health or time or sometimes even their lives in order to serve society, and I bow low before them.
At the same time, I would like to note that cruelty in this world can be found in every area of life and not just in the area of your work. I am certain that if we work together in solidarity and help each other, these kinds of problems will be fewer.
I wish you all productive and fruitful discussions, and of course I wish you plenty of bright impressions of these warm days in Moscow and Russia.
Thank you very much for your attention.
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